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Red State, Blue State: Compare the States
Taxes, gun laws, labor law, voter ID, school choice, who governs and where people are moving, for all 50 states and the District of Columbia, each with its source and date.
| State | Population | Since 2020 | Net migration | Income tax | Sales tax | Right to work | Permitless carry | Voter ID | School choice | Governor | Home value | Cost of living |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 5% top rate | 4% | Yes | Yes | Photo ID requested | Yes | Republican | |||||
| Alaska | No income tax on wages | None | No | Yes | Non-photo ID accepted | No | Republican | |||||
| Arizona | 2.5% flat | 5.6% | Yes | Yes | Non-photo ID accepted | Yes | Democratic | |||||
| Arkansas | 3.7% top rate | 6.5% | Yes | Yes | Photo ID required | Yes | Republican | |||||
| California | 13.3% top rate | 7.25% | No | No | No ID document required | No | Democratic | |||||
| Colorado | 4.4% flat | 2.9% | No | No | Non-photo ID accepted | No | Democratic | |||||
| Connecticut | 6.99% top rate | 6.35% | No | No | Non-photo ID accepted | No | Democratic | |||||
| Delaware | 6.6% top rate | None | No | No | Non-photo ID accepted | No | Democratic | |||||
| District of Columbia | 10.75% top rate | 6% | No | No | No ID document required | Yes | Democratic | |||||
| Florida | No income tax on wages | 6% | Yes | Yes | Photo ID requested | Yes | Republican | |||||
| Georgia | 4.99% flat | 4% | Yes | Yes | Photo ID required | Yes | Republican | |||||
| Hawaii | 11% top rate | 4% | No | No | No ID document required | No | Democratic | |||||
| Idaho | 5.3% flat | 6% | Yes | Yes | Photo ID requested | Yes | Republican | |||||
| Illinois | 4.95% flat | 6.25% | No | No | No ID document required | Yes | Democratic | |||||
| Indiana | 2.95% flat | 7% | Yes | Yes | Photo ID required | Yes | Republican | |||||
| Iowa | 3.8% flat | 6% | Yes | Yes | Non-photo ID accepted | Yes | Republican | |||||
| Kansas | 5.58% top rate | 6.5% | Yes | Yes | Photo ID required | Yes | Democratic | |||||
| Kentucky | 3.5% flat | 6% | Yes | Yes | Photo ID requested | No | Democratic | |||||
| Louisiana | 3% flat | 5% | Yes | Yes | Photo ID requested | Yes | Republican | |||||
| Maine | 7.15% top rate | 5.5% | No | Yes | No ID document required | Yes | Democratic | |||||
| Maryland | 6.5% top rate | 6% | No | No | No ID document required | Yes | Democratic | |||||
| Massachusetts | 9% top rate | 6.25% | No | No | No ID document required | No | Democratic | |||||
| Michigan | 4.25% flat | 6% | No | No | Photo ID requested | No | Democratic | |||||
| Minnesota | 9.85% top rate | 6.875% | No | No | No ID document required | No | Democratic | |||||
| Mississippi | 4% flat | 7% | Yes | Yes | Photo ID required | Yes | Republican | |||||
| Missouri | 4.7% top rate | 4.225% | No | Yes | Photo ID requested | Yes | Republican | |||||
| Montana | 5.65% top rate | None | No | Yes | Photo ID requested | Yes | Republican | |||||
| Nebraska | 4.55% top rate | 5.5% | Yes | Yes | Photo ID requested | Yes | Republican | |||||
| Nevada | No income tax on wages | 6.85% | Yes | No | No ID document required | Yes | Republican | |||||
| New Hampshire | No income tax on wages | None | No | Yes | Photo ID required | Yes | Republican | |||||
| New Jersey | 10.75% top rate | 6.625% | No | No | No ID document required | No | Democratic | |||||
| New Mexico | 5.9% top rate | 4.875% | No | No | No ID document required | No | Democratic | |||||
| New York | 10.9% top rate | 4% | No | No | No ID document required | No | Democratic | |||||
| North Carolina | 3.99% flat | 4.75% | Yes | No | Photo ID required | Yes | Democratic | |||||
| North Dakota | 2.5% top rate | 5% | Yes | Yes | Non-photo ID accepted | No | Republican | |||||
| Ohio | 2.75% flat | 5.75% | No | Yes | Photo ID required | Yes | Republican | |||||
| Oklahoma | 4.5% top rate | 4.5% | Yes | Yes | Non-photo ID accepted | Yes | Republican | |||||
| Oregon | 9.9% top rate | None | No | No | No ID document required | No | Democratic | |||||
| Pennsylvania | 3.07% flat | 6% | No | No | No ID document required | Yes | Democratic | |||||
| Rhode Island | 5.99% top rate | 7% | No | No | Photo ID requested | Yes | Democratic | |||||
| South Carolina | 5.21% top rate | 6% | Yes | Yes | Photo ID requested | Yes | Republican | |||||
| South Dakota | No income tax on wages | 4.2% | Yes | Yes | Photo ID requested | No | Republican | |||||
| Tennessee | No income tax on wages | 7% | Yes | Yes | Photo ID required | Yes | Republican | |||||
| Texas | No income tax on wages | 6.25% | Yes | Yes | Photo ID requested | Yes | Republican | |||||
| Utah | 4.45% flat | 6.1% | Yes | Yes | Non-photo ID accepted | Yes | Republican | |||||
| Vermont | 8.75% top rate | 6% | No | Yes | No ID document required | Yes | Republican | |||||
| Virginia | 5.75% top rate | 5.3% | Yes | No | Non-photo ID accepted | Yes | Democratic | |||||
| Washington | No income tax on wages | 6.5% | No | No | Non-photo ID accepted | No | Democratic | |||||
| West Virginia | 4.58% top rate | 6% | Yes | Yes | Photo ID requested | Yes | Republican | |||||
| Wisconsin | 7.65% top rate | 5% | Yes | No | Photo ID required | Yes | Democratic | |||||
| Wyoming | No income tax on wages | 4% | Yes | Yes | Non-photo ID accepted | Yes | Republican |
Select a column heading to sort. "Net migration" is the total net domestic migration (people moving in from other states minus people moving out) in the Census Bureau estimates for 2021 through . Income tax shows the top rate for tax year 2026 (a flat rate where there is one). Sales tax is the statewide rate, before local taxes. Cost of living is the Bureau of Economic Analysis regional price parity, where the U.S. average is 100. Governors are as of October 6, 2026, before the November 2026 elections. Fields not yet checked against an official page are marked on each state's page.
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Sources: Tax Foundation: state income and sales tax rates, National Conference of State Legislatures: right to work, voter ID, partisan composition, State revenue departments (Georgia, South Carolina, West Virginia). Updated November 8, 2026. Every state page gives the source and date of each fact.