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Taxes and Spending founders' library
Federalist No. 11: The Utility of the Union in Respect to Commercial Relations and a Navy Hamilton argues that union would strengthen American commerce and permit a navy, giving the country bargaining power against European trade restrictions. Federalist No. 12: The Utility of the Union In Respect to Revenue Hamilton argues that union would give America a better revenue system, with duties and excises easier to bear than direct land taxes. Federalist No. 13: Advantage of the Union in Respect to Economy in Government Hamilton argues that one national government, rather than several rival confederacies, would cost less to maintain and so spare taxpayers. Federalist No. 30: Concerning the General Power of Taxation Hamilton argues the national government needs its own power to tax, because requisitions on the states have failed and money is government's vital principle. Federalist No. 31: Concerning the General Power of Taxation (Continued) Hamilton argues that a government must have every power needed for its responsibilities, and that fear of abuse is no reason to withhold essential authority. Federalist No. 32: Concerning the General Power of Taxation (Continued) Hamilton argues that the states keep their own power to tax, except on imports and exports, and that taxing powers can coexist in both governments. Federalist No. 33: Concerning the General Power of Taxation (Continued) Hamilton defends the Necessary and Proper and Supremacy Clauses as plain statements of what is already implied, and says a usurping law would be void. Federalist No. 34: Concerning the General Power of Taxation (Continued) Hamilton argues the Constitution should not limit federal taxing power, since future emergencies cannot be foreseen, and that concurrent taxing is workable. Federalist No. 35: Concerning the General Power of Taxation (Continued) Hamilton argues that all classes will be fairly represented without quotas by occupation, and that the consumer pays import duties, so the burden is spread. Federalist No. 36: Concerning the General Power of Taxation (Continued) Hamilton defends federal power over internal taxes, noting that direct taxes are apportioned by census and that double taxation is a false alarm.