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Courts and Sentencing constitution
Article III, Section 2: Jurisdiction of the Federal Courts Section 2 lists the cases federal courts may hear, gives the Supreme Court original and appellate jurisdiction, and guarantees jury trial in crimes. The Eighth Amendment: Bail, Fines and Cruel and Unusual Punishments The Eighth Amendment bars excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishments, and is the main constitutional limit on criminal penalties. The Fifth Amendment: Grand Juries, Double Jeopardy, Self-Incrimination, Due Process and Takings The Fifth Amendment guarantees grand jury indictment, bars double jeopardy and compelled self-incrimination, and requires due process and just compensation. The Seventh Amendment: Jury Trial in Civil Cases The Seventh Amendment preserves the right to a jury in civil suits at common law over twenty dollars and limits re-examination of jury findings. The Sixth Amendment: Rights of the Accused The Sixth Amendment guarantees a speedy, public trial by an impartial jury, notice of the charges, confrontation of witnesses, and the assistance of counsel. The Thirteenth Amendment: The Abolition of Slavery The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime, and gave Congress power to enforce it.