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Subsidiarity, the 1931 Catholic principle every federalist should know Pius XI's rule that a larger body must not take over what a smaller one can do is the moral twin of the Tenth Amendment, read passage by passage. John Paul II's 1991 Encyclical Weighed Capitalism After Communism Fell Centesimus Annus asked whether capitalism won in 1989 and answered with a careful yes, with conditions. Read sections 42 and 48 and see why they matter. Pius XI Put Subsidiarity in Writing in 1931, and Washington Should Read It Paragraph 79 of Quadragesimo Anno says a larger body wrongs a smaller one when it takes over what the smaller can do, the logic of the Tenth Amendment. Bible riots, Know-Nothings and the amendment named for James G. Blaine Nineteenth-century anti-Catholic politics left state "no aid" clauses that still block religious families from school choice, and the history explains why. Wisconsin told Catholic Charities it was not religious enough and lost 9-0 In 2025 the Court held 9-0 that a state may not exempt only religious groups that preach to or serve their own. A fair look at the ruling and what it means.